Animal studies have shown that, when consumed as a food additive, titanium dioxide can induce intestinal inflammation.
A European ban of titanium dioxide in food took effect in 2022, but it is still legal for use in food in the U.S.
Because of their small size, nanoparticles may have unique physical and chemical properties. These properties may cause them to interact with living systems differently than larger materials with the same chemical composition (also known as bulk materials).
It adds a bright white color to coffee creamers, baked goods, chewing gums, hard-shell candies, puddings, frostings, dressings, and sauces. But the nanoparticles found in “food-grade” titanium dioxide may accumulate in the body and cause DNA damage—which is one way chemicals cause cancer and other health problems.